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Specialism: Editing
What is the technique?
Articles discussing its use
How is the technique done?
Examples of it being used in productions
Why is it used?
How does this help my work?
Jump cut
Jump cutting is where the transition between two clips appears to "jump" due to the way shots are framed in relation to each other.
According to Zach Ramelan (2017) "Jump cuts are an effective way to speed up a montage or a sequence in Adobe Premiere Pro — without deleting any key moments. The jump cut is a great way to move through a sequence without playing back everything you’ve actually recorded. They come in handy for music videos, event coverage, or other projects that can benefit from some extra movement on the screen. In this video tutorial, we’ll take a look at how to create an effective jump cut sequence — as well as where and when to use it"
according to Awesome video makers (2018) "You create jump cuts when you cut between two sections of footage shot from the same exact camera angle – for example in a live interview with a talking head. And when they come across as too abrupt and jarring they call attention to your video making process and draw your viewer away from the story you’re telling which is very, (very) bad. You can easily avoid a (bad) jump cut. The easiest method is to cut between close-ups, medium, and wide shots. Or cut back and forth between your interview subject and B-roll footage – or shoot your subject from two angles and cut back and forth between the two viewpoints."
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According to Gail upp (2017) "It is usually NOT used intentionally except in French New Wave and lately, a series of jump cuts is used to call attention to the cuts in a long shot of somebody or something coming closer. Jump cuts call attention to the cut rather than to furthering the story so classic editing style doesn’t use them. In very few instances is the editing style itself the point of the editing."
It helps my work because when i have a clip involving two people, i can use a jump shot to transition between the two people when they are speaking.
Parallel Editing
Parallel editing is where you have different events happening at the same time but in different locations so you have short clips of each in between each other.
https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/parallel-editing-hollywood-way/
https://www.mentorless.com/2015/05/25/the-art-of-parallel-editing-from-d-w-griffith-to-nolans-inception/
https://www.mentorless.com/2015/05/25/the-art-of-parallel-editing-from-d-w-griffith-to-nolans-inception/
According to elements of cinema (2014) "Parallel editing (cross cutting) is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each other."
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According to elements of cinema (2014) "To add interest and excitement to an otherwise boring sequence. Parallel editing is often applied to create suspense."
also in an action film it is used when two different events occur at the same time to make that moment in the film more interesting and tense.
also in an action film it is used when two different events occur at the same time to make that moment in the film more interesting and tense.
It helps my work because when there are two events happening at the same time, I can use parallel editing to show these clips happening at the same time also it makes the video more interesting to watch.
J cuts and L cuts
According to Video maker (2018) "Before we had access to all of these computerized editing software programs, often called non-linear editors or NLE for short, nobody called this style of transitioning J and L cuts – these monikers only make sense if you’re looking at these cuts on a timeline on a computer screen. In ye olden days, they were called “audio advance” or “video advance” cuts – an audio advance cut means that the audio starts before the video; a video advance is the other way around. On an NLE screen, they sort of (but not really) look like the letters J (audio advance) and L (video advance)."
https://vimeo.com/blog/post/j-cuts-l-cuts
https://tutvid.com/video-editing/edit-video-j-cut-l-cut-premiere-pro-must-know/
https://tutvid.com/video-editing/edit-video-j-cut-l-cut-premiere-pro-must-know/
According to Video maker (2018) "Usually when making a cut, you want to keep the audio and video together. Making a J or L cut requires that your video editing software be able to separate the audio and the video and move them independently. Unlocking your video from your audio track can cause major havoc to your scenes by throwing your audio out of sync with your video. Many applications lock audio and video together by default, so that when you make a cut and move a clip to a different position in the timeline, your audio stays with your video. Most editing software allows you to unlock your tracks, but they all do it differently – you may have to go into a pulldown menu, right-click on the selected clip or unlock the entire track via a shortcut button. Check your video editing software’s documentation for “unlocking” audio and video. Because it’s not always easy to later re-sync conversations, remember where you are on the timeline when you unlock your tracks in order to keep your audio in sync with lip movements."
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A J cut or an L cut is used to keep the flow of the editing and video without making it start to boring to watch, also if it is done well it becomes unnoticeable and this goes for any other technique.
This helps my work because I can use a j or l cut when I do some editing to make my piece a lot smoother people wont realise the j or l cut is actually there.
Montage
According to Elements of cinema (N/A) "a montage is an editing technique in which shots are juxtaposed in an often fast-paced fashion that compresses time and conveys a lot of information in a relatively short period."
https://www.britannica.com/art/montage-filmmaking
https://learnaboutfilm.com/soviet-montage/
https://learnaboutfilm.com/soviet-montage/
It is done by placing various clips together, in a film montages are used when the characters are preparing for something and/or montages are used in films to pass the time because you might see short fast paced clips together where the characters are doing some form of activity.
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According to Premium beat (2018) "From the 1930s to 1950s, montages were usually used to symbolize transportation across long distances or the change in times through news reels."
I feel like montages will help me with my work because when they are perfected they can be really interesting to watch and hopefully they will make my work better quality.
Jump cut |
Parallel editing |
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In this production, jump cuts are being used. This is good because it shows the time passing and the characters are waiting for perhaps some key information. it is easy for the audience to understand from the different movements that the time is passing and it has been cut to short moments. I can use this in my work because its a good editing method to show that the characters on screen are either bored or they are waiting for something key in the video within a video or film.
J and L cuts |
In this production parallel editing is being used and this is good because it can be used when two moments in a film or video occur at the same time, this technique is good for an action film because it communicates to the audience by having perhaps two tense moments in the film show around the same time so that the audience can focus on what is happening in the combined clip and it becomes more interesting to watch. I can use this technique in future when I am asked to create a short film because I can show two moments occurring at the same time.
Montage |
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I couldn't find an example clip for J and L cuts, but when a J or an L cut is done correctly the audience wont be able to realise they are there because when they are done well they keep the flow of the video nice and smooth. when the J and L transitions are smooth they can help keep the audience on the story or information being told to them. This technique can help me with my future work because I can use a J or an L technique to make the work a lot smoother and nicer to watch.
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The example clip I have is from rocky and in the rocky films, they always have a training montage which makes the rocky films iconic. Its quite a good feature because they can show a lot of information in a montage where the main character, rocky, trains and prepares him self for his next match. It communicates to the audience by having multiple short clips together involving key moments for the audience to watch and understand. I feel like it would be useful to learn because I can use montages when making a short film because it makes it more interesting to watch and it helps people to understand some key information.
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Planning
Jump cut |
An example of this is showing the time passing which I will recreate. for example I will have people waiting for their next lesson and it will jump between moments where you can see the people being bored or trying to entertain themselves with small activities and the jump cuts will be used between each short clip of the people waiting.
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Parallel editing |
For parallel editing I will show two events occurring at the same time. For example I will have two events occurring at the same time involving someone walking and in a different place their friend being mugged or attacked. by this I mean that the person walking will send a text to their friends phone and their friend will have their phone taken off them because they are being mugged and it will cut between each moment that is happening.
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J and L cuts |
I will use J and L cuts to create a smooth transition so that the audio and video overlap and the audience wont notice that a J or L cut is there. As an example I will have a conversation happening between two people about the news and their views and opinions on it, or perhaps something that everyone is talking about and I will have the audio overlaid with video where someone is peaking and their dialogue will still play whilst it changes to show the other persons reaction
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Montage |
for a montage I can show somebody like a spy for example getting ready for a mission by putting on a suit maybe checking the time, each small clip in the montage will be different because It will make the piece more interesting to watch. for example I will have some close ups, panning shots etc and have music that fits in with the video. But for my piece I will have a student walking to a building to do some work on a computer and I will have short clips of them walking through doors and going up stairs
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Examples
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Jump cut |
Parallel editing |
J and L cuts |
Montage |
Parallel editing second version |
i think that this is a good example of a jump cut because it is a good way of showing the time passing and in the clip my friend and i are waiting for the next lesson to begin and i feel like the cuts demonstrate the time passing because we change seating positions to show that we are bored and we are waiting.
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in this parallel edit i noticed that the camera work was not great and i found this difficult to edit because it was not done as well as i had hoped and i will try and improve the camera work so i can make the editing a lot better
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personally i don't think that this is the best example of a J and L cut because there are better examples which i would've found difficult to do because of the amount of time i had
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out of them all i, montage is my personal favourite because it is also used to show the time passing or people getting ready or people going somewhere and you can also put some catchy music to it
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in this second version of parallel editing i feel like i have improved the camera work but more importantly the editing is a lot better and i personally think that it works better than the first attempt of the parallel editing.
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